Puppy pyoderma (also known as juvenile cellulitis) typically occurs between three weeks to four months … more

A venipuncture site should be chosen where the skin is clean and has no obvious … more

Cats, particularly long-haired varieties, can be carriers of ringworm but show no clinical signs at … more

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a rapidly growing adjunctive therapy in companion animal practice. Low-level laser … more

There are no specific packed cell volume guidelines as to when to transfuse an animal … more

Anaesthesia normally depresses laryngeal movements, making diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis challenging. The animal should be … more

Diagnosis of Lyme’s disease is challenging and normally depends on evidence of exposure along with … more

As a general guideline, 5-10 drops (depending on the dog’s size) of topical antimicrobial agent … more

Like primates, guinea pigs cannot produce their own vitamin C, so it must be supplied in the diet.

The most common cause of regurgitation is reflux of acid from the stomach into the … more

Normal hepatic function is essential for conversion of ammonia to urea. Increasing resting ammonia concentration … more

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a transient bowel dysmotility that occurs following many types of operations … more

Sticky bottom syndrome in rabbits is most often caused by feeding a badly balanced diet, … more

A common abnormality in canine dentition is retention of deciduous teeth. This occurs when the … more

American cocker spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are often taurine deficient and responsive to taurine … more

The gravel sign is seen radiographically as multiple, variously sized mineral fragments in the stomach … more

Peripheral neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of diabetes in cats. This degenerative disorder … more

Chinchillas have 20 teeth from birth – 4 incisors and 16 molars. Teeth are open-rooted … more

Seasonal Canine Illness (SCI) is associated with dogs that have been walked in wooded areas … more

Thromboembolism is a severe uncommon complicating condition in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. It can cause … more

The prognosis of a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is highly variable. Some cats may … more

Kennel cough is an infection of the upper respiratory tract of the dog, and can … more

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is such a strong oxidiser it is highly reactive. Due to its … more

Gallstones are rare in dogs. They consist mostly of calcium bilirubinate and/or cholesterol, and are … more

Alanine transferase (ALT) is a specific indicator of hepatocellular injury in dogs and cats. Increases … more

Glipizide is an oral blood glucose lowering drug in the sulphonylurea class. It acts by … more

There are three basic causes for diabetes insipidus (DI): a defect in antidiuretic hormone (ADH); … more

OCD is a cartilage problem that affects young large and giant breed dogs. It is … more