Anaesthesia normally depresses laryngeal movements, making diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis challenging. The animal should be … more

Diagnosis of Lyme’s disease is challenging and normally depends on evidence of exposure along with … more

Like primates, guinea pigs cannot produce their own vitamin C, so it must be supplied in the diet.

The most common cause of regurgitation is reflux of acid from the stomach into the … more

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a transient bowel dysmotility that occurs following many types of operations … more

A common abnormality in canine dentition is retention of deciduous teeth. This occurs when the … more

American cocker spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are often taurine deficient and responsive to taurine … more

The gravel sign is seen radiographically as multiple, variously sized mineral fragments in the stomach … more

Chinchillas have 20 teeth from birth – 4 incisors and 16 molars. Teeth are open-rooted … more

Thromboembolism is a severe uncommon complicating condition in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. It can cause … more

Kennel cough is an infection of the upper respiratory tract of the dog, and can … more